The Creation of The Internet

The Creation of The Internet: A Timeline of Innovation

     In a single sentence Internet is a network that connects all the computers around the world. In the sixties (1960's) Computers began to play an important role mostly in universities, government agencies, and research centers. Naturally, there is a need to connect computers to communicate between organizations. In 1968, the U.S. Military encouraged networking because packet-switching systems did not depend on a specific link. They set out to create an IMP (Interface Message Processor), which is when the NWG (NetWorking Group) was created. They designed the protocol system for the early Internet.

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     As a result, the US Department of Defense launched the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), in 1969. Initially, this network was primarily designed to serve two purposes:—

(1) Establishing linkages between the military, industry, universities, and colleges to exchange and share or distribute information related to research and other activities.

(2) Develop a diversified approach to enhance and facilitate communication between military units in the event of an attack.

     Then, NWG developed NCP (Network Communication Protocol) in 1970, as more computers were being added to these network systems every day.

      In 1972, the first e-mail communication system was introduced. As a result, the concept of a network system and enjoying its benefits as well as the exclusive right of experts has changed and this communication service has come to the general public. It was at this time that the Open Networking system was proposed.

     In 1973, the ARPANET began to spread around the world, beginning with the expansion of the network from Norway to England. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and Internet systems were created at this time.

     CSNET was prepared in 1981. All American universities that were not affiliated with the Department of Defense were affiliated with it.

     On January 1, 1983, after TCP/IP was recognized as the only official protocol, the number of networks, machines, and users connected to the ARPANET began to grow exponentially. As a result, ARPANET was replaced by the NSF (National Science Foundation) managed NSFNET (NSF network) Internet.  The NSFNET and ARPANET were linked back together to expand the Internet. This year also saw the formation of the Internet Activities Board (IAB), later renamed the Internet Architecture Board. The DNS system started in 1984. The first virus hit the Internet in 1988.

     By 1990, 200 networks and 2,00,000 computers were connected to the Internet. Archie arrives. In 1991, the public WWW (World Wide Web) was launched. In 1992, about 500,000 computers or hosts were connected, creating the Internet Society. By 1995, various backbones, hundreds of mid-level networks, thousands of LANs, millions of hosts, and hundreds of millions of users came under the Internet. If the number of network users was 4.8 to 5 million in 1995, by the year 2000 it would reach 200 million. Currently, the number is much higher. 

     Since 1994 - 95, the Internet has become much more advanced and modern, arguably. The newest addition to the internet world is 'Internet-2'. It is very fast compared to 'internet-1'.SPAN (NASA's Space Physics Advanced Network), HEPNET (High Energy Physics Network), EARN (European Academic Research Network), BITNET (IBM's Mainframe Network), etc. are many names of Internet in the past.


     VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) launched an Internet account on 15 August 1996 to popularize the Internet among common people in India. Earlier common people had to use ISD to get an internet connection from the USA or any other country. Internet costs were quite high then, around 100 - 150 rupees per hour. This cost gradually decreases with popularity. Initially, VSNL had a dial-up connection shell and TCP/IP protocol-based system. Users then use the Internet mainly for e-mail services. The massive growth of the website had not yet begun. The year 2000 brought radical changes. The cost of using the Internet has also been reduced a lot.

Summary:-

1. The Internet is a network that connects all the computers around the world.

2. In 1968, the U.S. Military encouraged networking. They designed the protocol system for the early Internet.

3. The full form of ARPANET is "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network".

4. Q. At which was the first e-mail communication system introduced? 

Ans: In 1972, the first e-mail communication system was introduced.

5. Q. What is the full form of VSNL?

Ans. the full form of VSNL  Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited.