Common Respiratory Diseases and Their Causes

Respiratory diseases are caused by various reasons, such as (1) Increase in airway resistance, (2) Decrease in elastic property of lungs, (3) Inflammation of the pleura. (4) Complications in respiratory reflexes etc.

Some common respiratory diseases and their causes are mentioned:-

Lung Cancer

Uncontrolled division of lung cells results in more cells than needed They form a lump in the same place to accommodate that extra cell space. As a result, the normal functioning of the lungs is disrupted.

Different types of lung cancer:

Alveolar carcinoma

Bronchocarcinoma

Mucous secretory cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Pleural mesothermal cell carcinoma ,etc.

Causes of lung cancer:

Smoking,

Air pollution,

Poisoning by radioactive materials,

Long-term exposure to an old lesion may also lead to cancer.

Symptoms of lung cancer are:

Accumulation of phlegm in the chest and consequent pain,

Bloody sputum,

Metastatic condition of cancer with tone due to pulmonary infection,

Decreased brain function,

Fractures of bones with excruciating pain,

presence of blood in the formula,

being affected by jaundice,

swelling of the spleen etc.

Treatment and Remedies:

Smoking cessation,

staying away from polluted areas,

regular chemotherapy

and

radiotherapy

etc.

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Mountain Sickness

Generally when climbing to an altitude of 1800 feet or more above sea level, some changes in human physiology can be observed, resulting in illness in the body. This is called mountain pain. These changes are-

Shortness of breath.

Pain in head and chest.

Nausea.

Headache.

Increase in red blood cell count.

Asthma.

Sometimes water accumulates in some parts of the brain and lungs and swells (pulmonary and cerebral oedema). It is called HAPE and HACE ie high altitude pulmonary oedema/high altitude cerebral oedema.

Troubled breathing.

Loss of appetite.

Weakness and drowsiness.

Loss of body weight.

Rapidity of pulse.

Asthma

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Asthma

Various external and internal stimuli increase the hyperreactivity of bronchial and bronchiolar networks. As a result, recurrent respiratory distress sometimes occurs. Reddish allergic swelling of the skin can sometimes appear on the skin. Such a condition is called asthma.

Causes of Ashtham:

The main cause of asthma is hyper reactivity of the bronchial tree. Apart from that, spasm of the smooth muscles of the bronchi, oedema of the bronchial mucous and the presence of mucous in the lumen of the bronchi are also considered as causes of asthma. All of the above causes are obstruction of the bronchial airways.

Symptoms of Ashtham:

Difficulty in breathing;

red swelling on the skin;

inability of the patient to lie down for long periods,

increased respiratory rate;

Wheezing during breathing

Treatment:

Bronchodialator: such as salbutamol;

Steroids: They reduce the inflammatory process, such as Beclomethasone;

Antibiotics: Sometimes it is necessary to take antibiotic medicines.

Salbutamol inhaler is a special treatment for this disease.

Caution:

It is necessary to stay away from allergens, dust, smoke, flower molecules, etc. In winter, the body should be covered with warm clothes.

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Dyspnoea

When normal breathing becomes difficult or normal breathing becomes painful, the condition is called distressed breathing or Dyspnoea.

Cause Of Dyspnoea

Dyspnoea begins when pulmonary ventilation increases 4 to 5 times normal and equals air capacity. An overactivity of the respiratory center is mainly responsible for Dyspnoea.

Dyspnoea is observed in the following abnormal conditions-

Inflammation of the lungs

Asthma

Paralysis of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Poisonous effects of CO

Anaemia

Congestive heart failure

Acidosis

Encephalitis

Hysteria

Neurasthenia

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Emphysema

It is a type of obstructive pulmonary disease. In cases where the Epithelial Tissue of the lungs is excessively destroyed.

Causes

Cigarette smoking causes inflammation of the lung bronchus and bronchioles. Whooping cough increases lung pressure. Deficiency of anti-proteolytic enzyme (alpha, antitrypsin) is seen. As a result emphysema symptoms appear. The alveoli of the lungs are destroyed and the elastic tissues are replaced by connective tissue.

Symptoms

The respiratory exchange space is shortened. The elasticity of the bronchioles and alveolar sacs is lost. The alveolar sac is filled with air. Exhalation becomes difficult. The lungs are expanded

Prevention and Cure

Smoking is absolutely prohibited. Abandoning contaminated sites. This disease is not completely cured. Antibiotics, anti-allergy, bronchodilator drugs can relieve some of the pain.

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Apnoea

Temporary cessation of breathing is called Apnoea.

Causes of Apnoea

Temporary apnoea occurs due to decrease in partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood, swallowing of food, sudden increase in blood pressure, stimulation of vagus nerve etc. In some abnormal conditions (Cain Stokes) respiration and apnoea occur alternately.

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Occupational Respiratory Disorder

Occupational respiratory diseases are divided into two categories, namely, diseases caused by various dust particles (metal, stone, coal, asbestos etc.) are called pneumoconiosis. Apart from this, allergy-related diseases can also occur

Pneumoconiosis

Such diseases are of the following types, namely-

Anthracosis:
Anthracosis is the disease caused by inhalation of coal particles in the lungs. Symptoms- Lungs become black, chest pain and shortness of breath.
(Black Lung)

Silicosis:
Silicosis is a disease caused by the entry of silicon particles into the lungs.
Symptoms: (1) Lung cancer is seen. (2) Severe shortness of breath.
(Silver lung)

Asbestosis:
Asbestosis is a disease caused by asbestos particles entering the lungs.
Symptoms (1) Shortness of breath, (2) Asthma, (3) Chest pain, (4) Fever.
(White lung)

Byssinosis:
This type of disease occurs when inhaling cotton fibers, wool etc. over the years. As a result, symptoms of chronic bronchitis, emphysema etc. are revealed. It can even lead to heart failure.
(Brown lung)

Allergic Respiratory Disorders

Asthma is one such disease. Various allergens such as dust, smoke, pollen, etc. cause asthma. This disease is not easily cured. This disease can be cured by living in a pollution-free place with clean air.

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Hypoxia

When the oxygen supply to the lungs is deficient due to some external cause, the condition is called hypoxia or anoxia. Oxygen deficiency or Hypoxia can be divided into four categories, namely-

Hypoxic Hypoxia or Arterial Hypoxia
This type of oxygen deficiency occurs when the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is incomplete and defective. Pneumonia, inflammation of the lungs, asthma, pulmonary edema, airway obstruction, high altitude are the main causes of hypoxia due to lack of oxygen.

Anaemic Type of Hypoxia
If the amount of hemoglobin in the blood decreases or if the amount of inactive hemoglobin (non-functioning hemoglobin) increases, the lack of oxygen in the blood is seen. Apart from this, if the blood is contaminated by nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfonamide etc., oxygen deficiency is seen.As these substances bind to hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin decreases.

Stagnant or Hypokinetic Anoxia
Such oxygen-deficiency is caused by slow blood circulation in tissues.Bleeding, congestive heart failure, surgical shock, disturbance in venous return etc. are one of the causes of slow blood circulation.

Histotoxic Hypoxia
Cyanide, sulphide, anesthetics (narcotics) substances inhibit the work of respiratory stimulants so that the cells cannot use the oxygen of the blood properly.

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